First Ladies 1900 to 2000

Ellen Axson Wilson*

Margaret "Peggy" Wilson (daughter)*

Edith Bolling Wilson*

Ellen, Peggy, Edith and President Woodrow Wilson

Ellen Wilson
First Lady - March 4, 1913 - August 6, 1914
Quote from Ellen - "I am naturally the most unambitious of women and life in the White House has no attractions for me."
Factoid - Ellen designed the first Rose Garden on the White House grounds.
Bio -

Ellen Axson Wilson was born in Georgia and met Woodrow Wilson when he was six and she was a baby! She studied art and landscape painting for years. When Woodrow was a young lawyer, he met Ellen again and they were married. For a time, she taught art at Bryn Mawr College and Wilson was a professor at Princeton. Before she became First Lady, she had an art show of 50 landscapes, donating the proceeds to charity.
Ellen used her short time in the White House to campaign for the arts, education, social causes, and children. She also worked to clean up housing for African-Americans in Washington, D.C. and establish better living conditions. Sadly, Ellen's time as First Lady was cut short by her death to Bright's Disease in 1914. Her last hope was that Wilson would marry again.

Margaret Peggy Wilson
Acting First Lady - August 6, 1914 to December 18, 1915
Quote from Peggy - "It is certainly for the soul a return to the point of departure. I am persuaded that in the new life, one lives consciously in God and need to search nowhere."
Factoid - Later in life, Peggy traveled to India on a spiritual journey. Once there, she joined an ashram and practiced both yoga and meditation.
Bio - Margaret Woodrow Wilson took over as Acting First Lady when her mother, Ellen, passed away. During her time in the White House, she was active in the Women's Suffragette Movement. Peggy was also very musical, a pianist and a soprano; she made a recording of "The Star Spangled Banner". She continued her hosting duties until Woodrow remarried in 1915.

Edith Boling Wilson
First Lady - December 18 - 2015 - March 4, 1921
Quote from Edith - "I myself never made a single decision regarding the disposition of public affairs. The only decision that was mine was: when to present matters to my husband."
Factoids -

Edith's heritage dated back to Pocahontas, the Native American who married into the English Settlement at Jamestown.

Bio -

Edith was born in Virginia and lived near Washington, D.C for a good part of her life, although she did not care to get involved in the political scene. Edith’s first husband was an heir, who left her wealthy after his death. As a widow, Edith met Woodrow Wilson through a visit with his cousin to the White House. As love legend goes, Woodrow watched the elevator doors open and saw Edith. The rest was history! Edith charmed Woodrow with her vivacious personality and after a short courtship, they were married.
Edith often gave Woodrow political advice, even on confidential matters. When World War I started, Edith immediately went into service with the Red Cross, handing our food to soldiers leaving for the battlefields of Europe. The stress of the War resulted in Woodrow suffering a stroke. While he healed, Edith took over many presidential duties, earning her the nickname - the Secret President.

About Woodrow - Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president. He introduced sweeping domestic reforms under his "New Freedom" program, including the Federal Reserve and antitrust legislation. He led the U.S. through World War I and proposed the League of Nations. Woodrow suffered a debilitating stroke during his second term.

Tea Cakes

Tea Cakes are classic Southern recipe. Kinda like a cookie, kinda like a cake! Many families pass their recipes down through generations. This recipe was inspired by one from my Aunt Bernice of Natchez, Mississippi.

Ingredients
1 stick (4 ounces) butter, softened to room temperature
1 large egg, slightly beaten
1 &1/3 cup all-purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/4 teaspoon salt
2/3 cup sugar
1 tablespoon vanilla

Steps

In a bowl, stir together flour, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a separate bowl, beat together sugar and softened butter until light and fluffy. Add the egg and mix. Next add the vanilla extract.
With mixer on low, gradually mix in the flour mixture until just combined. Cover the bowl with a clean dishtowel or plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 2 hours.
Preheat the oven to 350° F. Prepare cookie sheets by greasing on lining with parchment paper.
With clean hands and a tablespoon, scoop dough into 2-tablespoon sized portions and roll into balls.
Put balls 3-inches apart on the cookie sheets.
Bake in preheated oven one batch at a time for 10 to 12 minutes or until cookies are golden brown around the edges and set well in middle. Keep the 2nd batch in the refrigerator until ready to bake. Let cool on the baking sheets for 10 minutes or so.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Ellen Wilson - Bain News Service, publisher, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Margaret Wilson (daughter) - headshot - Photographer Jane Reece, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Edith Bolling Wilson - hands behind back - Harris & Ewing, photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Woodrow Wilson - Stephen Seymour Thomas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Florence Kling Harding

6/7/2025

Florence and Almond Sugary Cookies

Florence Kling Harding*

President Warren G. Harding*

Florence and Movie Camera*

First Lady Florence and President Warren G. Harding
First Lady - 1921 - 1923
Quotes from Florence -

"Well, Warren Harding, I have got you the presidency. What are you going to do with it?"
"I know what's best for the President. I put him in the White House. He does well when he listens to me and poorly when he does not."

Factoids -

Florence Harding is the first wife of a president to be able to vote for her husband.
Warren G. Harding gambled away a set of White House China.
Both Florence Harding and the Airedale terrier had their own chairs to sit in during cabinet meetings.
Florence and Warren held poker parties in the White House Library, where they served liquor (although it was illegal)!

Bio -

And yet another Ohio First Lady! Florence was born into a very wealthy family, yet she had a strong sense of independence. At 19, she married a man of questionable attitude, who left her and their baby son. As an independent woman, she rented a room, and supported herself and her baby by teaching piano lessons and working for a newspaper, "The Marion Star".
Warren Harding moved to Marion at 16 and managed to buy the newspaper. He met Florence and the romance began, even though he was 5 years younger than her. Florence and Warren married in 1891 in the same house they would keep all their lives. Though Florence was divorced, during Warren's campaign for President, she let the media believe that she was a widow.
Florence encouraged Warren to enter politics. During Warren's Presidential campaign, Florence, or "The Duchess", as Warren called her, worked to get him elected. She once said, "I have only one real hobby, my husband." She considered his campaign for President as the best time of her life.
Florence's time as First Lady was spent furthering change. She worked for advancement of women through education and equal rights. She invited women's organizations and groups to the White House. Florence began entertaining in the White House with garden parties and dinners. Garden parties for veterans were regular events.
When Mrs. Harding moved into the White House, she opened mansion and grounds to the public again–both had been closed through President Wilson's illness. She herself suffered from a chronic kidney ailment, but she threw herself into the job of First Lady with energy and willpower.

About Warren - Warren Harding was the 29th President. He campaigned on a "return to normalcy" following World War I and focused on pro-business policies. During his presidency, women were given the right to vote under the 19th Amendment. Prohibition era began with the sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquor outlawed. Unfortunately the increase of illegal bars, home-produced alcohol, and gangsters followed. Warren died suddenly in office in 1923, leaving Calvin Coolidge as his successor.

Almond Sugary Cookies

Almond cookies were very popular during Warren Harding's Presidency. World War I ended and the White House was opened again to the public and to many social events. The food was plentiful and Almond Cookies were served, as a favorite of Warren's.

Ingredients
2 & 1/4 cups flour
1 & 1/2 teaspoons almond extract
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 cup salted butter softened
1 cup granulated sugar
1 egg
1 & 1/4 cup sliced almonds (optional)

Steps

Preheat the oven to 350° F. Prepare cookie sheet by greasing or lining with parchment paper.
In a bowl, stir together the flour, salt, and baking soda. Set aside.
In a separate bowl, cream butter and sugar together until light and fluffy. Beat in egg and almond extract.
Gradually add in the flour mixture, beating until just combined.
Scoop up dough into balls of about 1 tablespoon. Roll into sliced almonds, if using.
Place the cookie balls on the prepared cookie sheet and bake for 11 minutes. Cool on a rack before serving.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Florence Harding - Oil painting - Artist - Philip de László, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; movie camera - National Photo Company collection at the Library of Congress, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Warren G. Harding - National Photo Company Collection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Grace Goodhue Coolidge

6/6/2025

Grace and Maple Walnut Cookies

Grace Goodhue Coolidge*

President Calvin Coolidge*

Grace Coolidge and Rebecca*

First Lady Grace and President Calvin Coolidge
First Lady - August 2, 1923 - March 4, 1929
Quote from Grace -

"It has been my unbroken policy not to see newspaper writers or give interviews to anyone. At the word interview spoken or written, my ears go up and my chin out."

Factoid - Grace was the First Lady of Baseball; it was one of her favorite pastimes. She was a fan of both the Boston Red Sox and the Washington Senators.
Bio -

Grace Goodhue was born in Vermont, trained as a Deaf Education teacher at university. While teaching in Massachusetts, she met and married Calvin Coolidge, a young lawyer, and had two children. Grace was supportive of Calvin's political career as Lieutenant Governor, Governor of Massachusetts, then Vice-President to Warren G. Harding.
Calvin became President when Warren Harding died. In the White House, Grace redecorated both family quarters and the main White House back to historic authenticity. She returned many original furnishings that had been removed by former First Ladies and worked to acquire other antique furnishings from the appropriate time periods.
Grace was famously friendly and sported a smile more often than not. She was the most photographed woman of the 1920s, also appearing in newsreels for the new "talkies" (movies with sound)! Her spunk and personality helped Calvin succeed with the public. He was often portrayed as "grumpy", but there were some hidden gems in the White House.
Calvin's supporters from Mississippi gifted him a live raccoon - to be eaten for Thanksgiving Dinner! However, the family named the raccoon, Rebecca, and she quickly became the White House pet, along with their menagerie of dogs and birds. Rebecca had a little house of her own and free roamed the White House lawns, but often preferred the indoor White house. She was known for knocking over plants and playing in the bathtubs! Rebecca was a star with the public, often going on outings with Grace.

About Calvin - Calvin Coolidge, as 30th President, emphasized limited government and led the nation in a period of economic prosperity known as the "Roaring Twenties." He restored public trust and cut taxes while maintaining a budget surplus. During Calvin's Presidency, Lindbergh made the first transatlantic flight and Congress gave indigenous people the right to vote. Quiet and reserved, he chose not to seek re-election in 1928.

Maple Walnut Cookies

Grace Coolidge was from Vermont, so some of her favorite foods contained maple syrup! During the1920s, maple syrup was an excellent method of sweetening desserts.

Ingredients - Makes 2 dozen.
1 cup butter
1 cup granulated sugar
1 cup brown sugar
2 large eggs
1 cup whole wheat flour
1 & 1/2 to 2 cup self-rising flour
2 cup walnuts, coarsely chopped
1 teaspoon maple extract or maple syrup
1 teaspoon salt

Steps

Preheat oven to 350° F. Prepare cookie sheets by greasing or lining with parchment paper.
Mix together butter, both sugars, eggs, extract, and salt until just combined.
Gradually add both flours. If dough is too sticky, add a little more flour. Stir in walnuts.
Using a tablespoon, scoop dough onto prepared cookie sheets. Bake one dozen at a time for 10 - 13 minutes, until cookies are puffy and starting to turn golden. Remove from oven and let cool on cookie sheet for a few minutes, then transfer to a wire rack for cooling.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Grace Coolidge - oil painting - Philip de Lazlso, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; with Rebecca the raccoon - Library of Congress, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Calvin Coolidge - Joseph E. Burgess, National Portrait Gallery; gift of the Fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Lou Henry Hoover

6/5/2025

Lou and Girl Scout Cookies

Lou Henry Hoover*

President Herbert Hoover*

Lou Hoover at the White House Girl Scout picnic*

First Lady Lou and President Herbert Hoover
First Lady - 1929 - 1933
Quotes from Lou -

"It is very possible to have both a home and a career, (for) in this modern age we are released from so many of the burdens our grandmothers and great-grandmothers had to bear."
"I majored in geology in college but have majored in Herbert Hoover ever since."
"I was a Girl Scout years ago, before the movement ever started, when my father took me fishing, camping, and hunting. I was sorry that more girls could not have what I had. When I learned of the movement, I thought: Here is what I always wanted other girls to have."

Factoids -

Lou was first President's wife to make a national radio broadcast to the public.
Lou was one of the first women to receive a geology degree in the United States.
Lou was spoke fluently in over 7 different languages.
Lou, as President of the Girl Scouts, helped coordinate one of the first Girl Scout Cookie Drives in 1935.

Bio -

Lou Henry was born in Iowa and also grew up in California. She loved nature and especially geology. Lou became one of the first women in America to major in geology at Stanford, where Lou met and married a metallurgy student, Herbert Hoover. Lou and Herbert traveled the world, even living in China, as he worked for a mining company.
Herbert won the Presidential election by a huge majority. Lou set to work with her First Lady duties, hosting Girl Scout meetings, campouts, and picnics at the White House. She advocated for women's mental and physical health. She garnered criticism for hosting pregnant women and an African-American congressman's wife at a tea party! Back in the time, pregnant women usually did not appear much at social gatherings. On a global level, Grace helped American citizens escape from Europe while World War I was developing.
With the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the beginnings of the Great Depression, Herbert lost his bid for re-election, but he and Lou worked hard to help provide food for the needy in America.

About Herbert - Herbert Hoover was the 31st President. His Presidency was defined by the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, which began shortly after he took office. Although he implemented some public works and aid programs, his policies were seen as insufficient and out of touch. He lost his re-election bid due to widespread economic hardship and public dissatisfaction.

Girl Scout Cookies

Lou was active in the Girl Scouts, acting as their National President, editor of American Girl magazine, and helping to begin what eventually became one of the largest charity fundraising efforts - Girl Scout Cookie sales! The magazine printed a recipe for Girl Scout Cookies that could be made for 26 cents for 6 dozen and sold for 25 cents a dozen.

Ingredients - Yield: 6 dozen
1 cup butter
1 cup sugar
2 eggs, beaten slightly
2 tablespoons milk
1 teaspoon vanilla
2 cups flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
Steps

Preheat oven to 375° F. Prepare cookie sheets by greasing or lining with parchment.
Cream together butter and sugar.
Beat in eggs, milk, vanilla, flour, and baking powder.
Refrigerate dough for at least 1 hour.
Roll thin, cut, and bake for 8 to 10 minutes or until the edges begin to brown.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Lou Hoover - oil painting artist - Richard Marsden Brown, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; on porch - National Photo Company, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; girl scout picnic - Harris & Ewing, photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Herbert Hoover - Photographer unknown, Library of Congress, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Eleanor Roosevelt

6/2/2025

Eleanor and Soft Chewy Gingersnaps

Eleanor Roosevelt*

President Franklin D. Roosevelt*

Eleanor with Fala and Mr. Tweed*

First Lady Eleanor and President Franklin D. Roosevelt
First Lady - 1933 - April 12, 1945
Quotes from Eleanor -

"Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people."
"A woman is like a tea bag - you can't tell how strong she is until you put her in hot water."
"The future is literally in our hands to mold as we like. But we cannot wait until tomorrow. Tomorrow is now."
"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent."

Factoids -

Eleanor was the niece of President Theodore Roosevelt.
Eleanor was the first First Lady to hold press conferences, write weekly and monthly newspaper columns, and host a radio show.

Bio -

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City to the very wealthy Roosevelt family. She was orphaned at a young age and raised by her grandmother. Eleanor went to school in England and returned to New York at 18, ready to begin social and charity work. Eleanor and fifth cousin Franklin married and had six children, while she began volunteer work with the American Red Cross and Navy hospitals.
Prior to Franklin's election as President, Eleanor discovered his unfaithfulness, an issue which would continue even while they were in the White House. She offered him a divorce, but it never happened. Instead, Eleanor began to live her life more independently with her attraction and emotional connections to women and younger men.
When Franklin was elected President, Eleanor was not shy about using her role as First Lady to further her dedication righting injustice and defending civil rights. Her schedule was full of speeches and writing thousands of articles in newspapers, magazines, and books. She was also Chairperson of the United Nations Human Rights Commission.
When Franklin was diagnosed with Polio, his role changed. With Franklin confined to a wheelchair, Eleanor became his eyes and ears to politics. She traveled, she spoke, she learned every aspect of the political situation of the time and reported back to her husband, often convincing him to her viewpoint. She was possibly the most powerful woman in the world, at that time.
From the time that Eleanor was a little girl, her wish was to change the world; she did that and more as the World's First Lady.

About Franklin - Franklin Roosevelt, as 32nd president guided the U.S. through the Great Depression with New Deal programs, which expanded the government's role in the economy. During Franklin's Presidency, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began the US entry into WWII. He later guided the U.S. through World War II and established the foundation for the postwar international order. Franklin was elected to four terms; he died in office in 1945.

Soft Chewy Gingersnaps

Eleanor Roosevelt didn't spend much time in the kitchen, but this recipe was a favorite of hers. She often served them to reporters at the White House, while insisting that the reporter pool included women reporters!

Ingredients - Makes 2 and1/2 dozen.
3/4 cup butter, softened to room termperature
1 cup sugar
1 egg
1/4 cup molasses
2 & 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
2 teaspoons ground ginger
1 teaspoon baking soda
3/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ground cloves
1/4 tsp salt
Additional sugar for rolling/topping

Steps

Preheat oven to 350° F. Prepare cookie sheets by lining with parchment paper. Do NOT grease.
In a bowl, cream butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in egg and molasses.
In a separate bowl, whisk together flour, ginger, baking soda, cinnamon, cloves, and salt. Gradually add to the butter mixture and mix until combined.
With clean hands, roll cookie dough into 1 &1/2-inch balls, then roll in sugar. Place 2-inches apart on un-greased baking sheets.
Bake 10 – 12 minutes or until puffy and lightly browned. Remove to wire racks to cool. Makes about 2 & 1/2 dozen.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Eleanor Roosevelt - White House Portrait - Douglas Chandor, Public domain, via Wikimedia; Eleanor and Falla - National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Franklin D. Roosevelt - Henry Salem Hubbel, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; transfer from the Smithsonian American Art Museum; gift of Willard Hubbell, 1964, Public domain

Elizabeth "Bess" Wallace Truman

6/1/2025

Bess and Brownies

Bess Wallace Truman*

President Harry S. Truman*

Harry and Bess - fishing*

First Lady Bess and President Harry S. Truman
First Lady - 1945-1953
Quote from Bess -

"I've liked lots of people 'til I went on a picnic jaunt with them."

Factoid -

President Truman referred to his wife as "The Boss." Bess served as First Lady AND she was Harry's secretary!
Bess helped to save the White House from a wrecking ball! She lobbied Congress for funds to preserve the White House's original walls inside a sturdy new steel framework.

Bio -

Elizabeth "Bess" Wallace was born in Missouri to a wealthy family. Her father committed suicide when Bess was a teenager, a scandal which caused her dislike for attention from the public. Bess and Harry Truman met at Sunday School when she was 5 and he was 6; he fell in love. In high school, Harry was thrilled to carry her books home! He didn't ever date anyone except Bess, he always knew she was the ONE for him. It took Harry nine years after they started dating for Bess to say "yes" to his proposal - the second time he asked! Harry went off to War; they married and had a daughter when he returned.
When the Trumans moved into the White House, it was in terrible structural shape. Bess campaigned and Congress approved a renovation. The Trumans lived in Blair House during much of Harry's term due to the renovations.
As First Lady, Bess refused to participate in press conferences, because she didn't want public attention. However, without drawing attention to herself, Bess worked with her husband in the area of domestic and international politics, even helping him write his speeches. Bess also never failed to be the perfect hostess for events and support of organizations such as the Girl Scouts and the Red Cross.

About Harry - Harry Truman was the 33rd president. Harry made the difficult decision to use atomic bombs on Japan, ending World War II five days later. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe and helped establish NATO during the early Cold War with the Soviet Union. Domestically, he promoted civil rights and weathered the Korean War and labor unrest.

Bess's Brownies

Bess was known for her recipes; many of the handwritten ones area still around! We're breaking with our COOKIE recipes for this one - but brownies are really just bar cookies, right? Bess's recipe instructions simply said, "Bake at 350 degrees." We've added a few more details to the steps.

Ingredients
2 cups sugar
1 cup butter
1 & 1/2 cups flour
1/2 teaspoon salt
4 eggs
2 teaspoons vanilla
4 ounces of Baker's chocolate, melted
1 cup chopped pecans or walnuts

Steps

Preheat oven 350° F. Prepare a Pyrex or other 9x13-inch baking dish by greasing.
In a mixing bowl, mix butter and sugar until creamy.
Melt chocolate in microwave, stirring every 30 seconds. Cool for about 5 minutes, then add to butter mixture.
Mix in the eggs, one at a time. Mix in vanilla.
In a separate bowl, whisk together flour and salt; stir in chopped nuts.
Gradually add the flour mixture to the butter mixture, beating just to combine.
Pour the batter into the prepared pan. Bake for 45 minutes at 350 F.
Bake for 45 minutes. Let cool before cutting into squares.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Elizabeth (Bess) Truman - oil painting - Greta Kempton, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; fishing - Life of Harry S. Truman Audiovisual Collection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Harry Truman - Credit: Greta Kempton - Harry S. Truman Library & Museum; White House Photo Office, Public domain via Wikimedia Commons

Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower

5/31/2025

Mamie and Chocolate Marble Cookies

Mamie Doud Eisenhower*

President Dwight D. Eisenhower*

Mamie Eisenhower*

First Lady Mamie and President Dwight D. Eisenhower
First Lady - 1953 -1961
Quotes from Mamie -

"Ike runs the country, and I turn the pork chops."
"Of course, being mistress of the White House is a terrific responsibility, and I am truly grateful for my Army wife training."
"I've just had the first good night's sleep I've had since we have been in the White House. Our new bed finally got here and now I can reach over and pat Ike on his old, bald head anytime I want to!"

Factoids -

Mamie was the first First Lady to appear on television and also appear in a Presidential campaign ad.
Mamie opened the grounds of the White House Easter Egg Roll to African American children for the first time.

Bio -

Margaret (Mamie) Doud was born in Iowa and later grew up in Colorado. After she graduated from a private school, she met Dwight Eisenhower (Ike), a serviceman. A year later they were married and Mamie had to adjust to being a military wife and later, the mother of two sons. For the next twenty years, Mamie and Ike travelled the States and the world - following his military career and building a welcoming sense of hospitality.
Ike's career sky-rocketed during World War II and afterwards. He was General of the U.S. Army and Supreme Commander of Allied Forces. Mamie spent the War in a lonely Washington Hotel, volunteering for the American Red Cross and being with their son, who was at West Point.
When Ike won the Presidency in 1952, Mamie truly came to life as a vivacious and much beloved First Lady. Mamie and Ike loved family and all events with grandchildren. Mamie was famous for decorating the White House for holidays and for bringing back the tradition of the White House Easter Egg Roll.
Mamie's style was popular with the public, with many women copying her fashion and flair. Her love for pink even garnered the name, "Mamie Pink," the color of her inaugural gown! Mamie's super short bangs became a trend, as well.

About Dwight (Ike) - Dwight Eisenhower, as 34th president, oversaw many important events in America's history. Dwight helped end the Korean War, while maintaining a strong economy, the construction of interstate highways, and the establishment of NASA. He worked with a campaign to secure the beginning of the Civil Rights movement, helping to make racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. He pursued a policy of containment against communism while avoiding direct military confrontation.

Chocolate Marble Cookies

The Eisenhowers were very family-oriented. Ike was a great cook and enjoyed it as one of his favorite hobbies. Mamie was well-known for donating many of her recipes to church cookbooks and cookbooks for other organizations. Her most favorite was her 'Million Dollar Fudge", but her Chocolate Marble Cookies were also popular.

Ingredients
2 cups chocolate chips
2 cups chopped pecans
1 pound butter
1 & 1/3 cups sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla
4 cups flour
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 cup extra sugar for garnishing
whole pecans for garnish

Preheat oven to 375° F. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper.
Melt the chocolate chips. Stir in the cups chopped pecans. Set aside.
Cream 1 pound of butter. Add gradually 1 1/3 cups sugar. Add 2 teaspoons vanilla.
Whisk 4 cups of flour with 1/2 teaspoon salt. Add gradually to the butter mixture.
Add chocolate mixture using a long-pronged fork. Streak through to marble. Don’t mix too much.
Make golf ball size balls. Dip in sugar on one side. Press one pecan half into the top of the cookie. Put on parchment lined cookie sheet.
Bake for 16 minutes. Cool on a wire rack.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Mamie Eisenhower - oil painting - Thomas E. Stephens, White House Portraits, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; photo in blue dress - White House photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Dwight Eisenhower - Harry Warnecke, Robert F. Cranston, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Elsie M. Warnecke, Public domain CC

Jaqueline "Jackie" Bouvier Kennedy

5/27/2025

Jackie and Chocolate Chip Cookies

First Ladies - 1900 - 2000

Jackie Bouvier Kennedy*

President John F. Kennedy*

John, Jackie, and Caroline Kennedy*

First Lady Jackie and President John F. Kennedy
First Lady - January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
Quotes from Jackie -

“There are many little ways to enlarge your child’s world. Love of books is the best of all.”
“The one thing I do not want to be called is First Lady. It sounds like a saddle horse.”

Factoids -

Jackie won an Emmy Award for her televised tour of the White House.
Jackie's knowledge of French and her sense of diplomacy led to France loaning the Mona Lisa to the U.S. for viewing.

Bio -

Jacqueline “Jackie” Bouvier was born in New York and grew up in Manhattan to a wealthy, social family. Jackie studied at Vassar University, studied in Paris, and earned a degree from George Washington University.
After graduation, Jackie was a photographer for the Washington Times Herald. Her time in Washington resulted in meeting John Kennedy, a young Congressman. They married in 1953 and had two children, Caroline and John Junior. In 1960, John Kennedy became President and the Kennedys truly became America’s First Family.
Once in the White House, Jackie made it her mission to preserve the historic importance of the mansion. She created a White House Historical Association, a non-profit with historians and curators to help preserve the White House and to secure its place as a museum, protected by Congress. Jackie created the first White House Guidebook and starred in a CBS televised tour of the White House, attracting over 80 million viewers and earning Jackie an Emmy Award.
As First Lady, Jackie's extraordinary beauty and sense of style set fashion trends around the world. Her diplomacy and welcoming style also made her popular with ambassadors and world leaders alike.
Sadly, Jackie's time as First Lady was sorrowful with the death of the Kennedy's infant son and lastly, as President was assassinated in Dallas in 1963, just 10 years into Jackie and John's marriage. The nation mourned with Jackie and her children and also looked up to her courage and grace in a time of great strife.

Mama and Me!
It's 1961 - Jackie Kennedy is First Lady and my mama looks like a First Lady too!
We were on vacation, visiting Washington, D.C. and my brother at Quantico, Virginia.
Apparently, tourists dressed up to sight-see!

About John - John Kennedy was the 35th president and inspired a new generation with his call to service: "Ask not what your country dan do for you; ask what you can do for your country." He faced early Cold War crises like the Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis. With Martin Luther King, John promoted the Civil Rights movement. He championed space exploration, launching the Apollo program. His assassination in 1963 shocked the nation and left many of his goals unfinished.

Jackie's Chocolate Chip Cookies

President Kennedy seemed to be unconcerned about eating, often having to be reminded when it was time for meals. For dessert, if he had it, it would likely be chocolate.

Ingredients
8 ounces butter
8 ounces brown sugar
10 ounces white sugar
1 ounce vanilla extract
4 each large eggs
3 & 1/2 pounds large chocolate chunks
12 ounces all purpose flour
1/2 ounce baking soda
1/4 ounce salt

Steps

Preheat oven to 325°F.
Cream the butter and sugars until light and fluffy in a stand mixer.
Add the eggs one at a time until completely blended into the batter.
Scrape down the sides of the mixing bowl and add your dry ingredients (flour, baking soda, baking powder and salt). Continue to mix the batter.
Add the remaining items and mix until fully combined.
Portion cookies and place 2" apart on a cookie sheet that is greased or lined with baking paper.
Bake at 325°F until golden brown.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Jackie Kennedy - Public Domain (official portrait) Shaw, Mark, photographer. First official White House photograph of Mrs. John F. Kennedy 1961
John F. Kennedy - Cecil Stoughton. White House Photographs. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston
Jackie, John F., and Caroline - Dell Publishing, 1960. Photograph by Jacques Lowe, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson

5/26/2025

Lady Bird and Chocolate Nut Drops

First Lady Bird and President Lyndon Baines Johnson

Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson*

President Lyndon B. Johnson*

Lady Bird and LBJ*

First Lady - November 22, 1963 - January 20, 1969
Quotes from Lady Bird -

"Art is the window to man's soul Without it, he would never be able to see beyond his immediate world, not could the world see the man within."
"Where flowers bloom, so does hope."

Factoid -

Lady Bird Johnson was a millionaire before becoming First Lady. She owned a media empire in Austin, Texas.

Bio -

Claudia Taylor was born in east Texas to wealthy parents. Her mother died when she was young and Claudia was raised by her father, an aunt, and household employees. Her nickname of "Lady Bird " came from a nanny who said that she was "as pretty as a lady bird". Lady Bird moved to Austin, where she graduated from the University of Texas, earning two degrees - in history and journalism. She met Lyndon Johnson in Austin. The couple married in 1934 and had two daughters together.
Lady Bird inherited and used funds to invest in a radio station in Austin, Texas. She managed it for decades, even as First lady. The station expanded to include an FM station and a television station, making Lady Bird a millionaire in her own right. She donated $10,000 to promote Lyndon's bid for Congress. He won and she ran his Congressional office when Lyndon enlisted in the Navy during World War II.
In 1963, Lyndon Johnson became President when John F. Kennedy was assassinated. A few weeks later, Lady Bird and Lyndon moved into the White House and Lady Bird began a successful time as First Lady.
Lady Bird's agenda included lobbying for environmental legislation and she continued her endeavors long after leaving the White House. One of her achievements including the Highway Beautification Act of 1965, also known as Lady Bird's Bill.
Lady Bird also continued Jackie Kennedy's restoration of the historic authenticity of the White House. She hosted art exhibits, festivals, writers, musicians, and actors in a support for the Arts and Humanities.
Lady Bird redesigned the White House East Garden, dedicating it as the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden and she created a Children's Garden on the South Lawn.
After leaving the White House, Lady Bird created the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Austin, Texas, as a place for researching and protecting our Nation's wildflowers and environment. Lady Bird earned the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal for her work with the environment.

About Lyndon (LBJ) - Lyndon Johnson became the 36th President after John Kennedy's assassination. LBJ's Presidency began and continued through tumultuous times in the U.S., with the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy. LBJ oversaw the Civil Rights Act - with the aim of stopping discrimination based on race, color, religion, and nationality. He launched the "Great Society" to fight poverty and expand education and healthcare. Despite his domestic achievements, the escalation of the Vietnam War led to widespread protest. He chose not to seek re-election amid growing unrest.

Chocolate Nut Drops

Ingredients - Makes 6 dozen.
1 cup butter
2 or 3 eggs, slightly beaten
3 cups cake flour
1 teaspoon salt
2 cups walnuts, chopped
2 cups light brown sugar, sifted
1 cup milk
1 teaspoon baking soda
4 squares baking chocolate, melted
2 teaspoon vanilla

Steps

Preheat oven to 375° F. Prepare cookie sheets by greasing or lining with parchment paper.
In a mixing bowl, mix together butter and sifted brown sugar until light and fluffy. Mix in eggs.
In a separate bowl or on a sheet of waxed paper, sift together dry ingredients. Mix into butter mixture alternately with milk. Mix until smooth.
Stir in by hand: melted chocolate, chopped nuts, and vanilla.
Drop by teaspoonfuls (one-inch apart) on prepared cookie sheets.
Bake at 375° F for 12 to 15 minutes. Cool 5 minutes on cookie sheet, then transfer to wire rack to cool.

Recipe Card

Photo Credits*
Lady Bird - oil painting - Elizabeth Shoumatoff, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; with LBJ - LBJ Library photo by Robert Knudsen, Johnson Library Serial Number - "32686-19", Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Lyndon Johnson - Official White House Photo, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Pat Ryan Nixon

5/23/2025

Pat and Lemon Sugar Cookies

First Ladies - 1900 - 2000

First Lady Pat and President Richard M. Nixon

Thelma Catherine "Pat" Nixon*

President Richard M. Nixon*

Dick and Pat*

First Lady - January 20, 1969 - August 9, 1974
Quotes from Pat -

"I never have tantrums. If anything makes me mad, I'm silent. If I'm not talking, leave me alone."
"All lives have triumphs and tragedies, laughter and tears, and mine has been no different."

Factoids -

Pat Nixon was the first President's wife with a graduate degree.
Pat was the first woman to wear pants in her role as First Lady.

Bio -

Thelma "Pat" Ryan was born in Nevada a few hours before St. Patrick's Day. Her father called her his "St. Patrick's Day babe" and the nickname "Pat" stuck with her for a lifetime. When both her mother and father had terminal illnesses, she worked in high school to help pay bills, including cleaning floors at the local bank before school and returning after school to work in bookkeeping. Pat supported herself as a waitress, movie extra, department store employee, and beauty products tester - working 40 hours a week while putting herself through the University of Southern California, graduating with honors.
After graduation, she was a teacher for awhile and while auditioning for a local theatre production, she met Richard Nixon. They were married in 1940 and Richard served in the Navy in World War II. Afterwards, Pat and Richard moved to Washington, had two daughters, and he began his political career as a senator, Vice-President, and finally, President.
As First Lady, Pat was a whirlwind. She was outspoken and steadfast on her endorsement of the Equal Rights Amendment and her pro-choice view on abortion. Pat visited over 80 countries, she developed foreign language brochures for foreign visitors to the White House and installed the first wheelchair ramps. When she expressed a love for giant pandas to the Premier of China, he presented the Smithsonian National Zoo with two pandas!
In 1974, President Richard Nixon resigned from office after the Watergate scandal, and he and Pat moved out of the White House. Pat had a stroke two years later and rarely appeared in public afterwards.

About Richard - Richard Nixon was the 37th president. Richard ended U.S. involvement in Vietnam and opened diplomatic relations with China. He achieved major environmental reforms, but his gains were deeply undermined by his involvement in the Watergate scandal over a 1972 break-in at the Democratic Party headquarters. Facing impeachment, Richard became the only U.S. president to resign.

Lemon Sugar Cookies

These cookies are also known as White House Cookies - sugar cookies with lemon zest!

Ingredients
1 cup granulated sugar
2 cups butter; at room temperature
1 teaspoon vanilla
1/2 tablespoon lemon rind; grated
2 eggs
6 cups - 7 cups cake flour
powdered sugar or granulated sugar for dusting

Steps

In a mixing bowl, beat together sugar and butter until fluffy. Beat in vanilla and lemon zest.
Beat in eggs, one at a time; mix well after each.
Stir in the cake flour by hand. Cover and put in refrigerator at least an hour or overnight.
On a floured surface, Roll dough to 1/8" thickness and cut out with cookie cutters or rim end of a drinking glass.
Bake in preheated 375° F oven until lightly browned, about 7-8 minutes.
For topping - dust warm cookies with powdered sugar or use granulated sugar.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Pat Nixon -Portrait - White House photo office, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; On the beach with Dick - Oliver F. Atkins, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Richard M. Nixon - James Anthony Wills -White House Collection, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Betty Bloomer Ford

5/21/2025

Betty and Double Chocolate Cookies

First Lady Betty and President Gerald R. Ford

Betty Bloomer Ford*

President Gerald R. Ford*

Susan, Betty, Liberty, and Gerald Ford*

First Lady - August 9, 1974 - January 20, 1977
Quotes from Betty -

"I believe the Equal Rights Amendment is a necessity of life for all citizens. The cabinet sometimes felt that I shouldn't be so outspoken."
"You never know what you can do until you have to do it."
"Why should my husband's job or yours prevent us from being ourselves? Being ladylike does not not require silence."

Factoid -

After leaving the White House, Betty received treatment for alcohol and pain pill addiction, leading her to founding the Betty Ford Center for drug and alcohol rehabilitation. The Center has helped many to recover with their addictions over the years.
Bio -

Elizabeth (Betty) Bloomer was born Chicago, Illinois, but grew up mainly in Michigan. Betty's young passion was dancing; after graduation she attended a dance school and joined famous dancer, Martha Graham's dance company in New York. Betty married and divorced William Warren, and eventually met and married Gerald Ford, a rising Congressional member. The Fords had four children, in addition to a political career for Gerald.
Gerald had a long career in Congress, when Vice President Agnew resigned and President Richard Nixon appointed Gerald Ford to the job. Then Nixon resigned, and Gerald and Betty entered the White House as President and First Lady!
Betty took on the role of First Lady with a zest - supporting the Equal Rights Amendment and encouraging more women in senior government roles. She was outspoken about her support of pro-choice, gun control, feminism, and equal pay.
A month after becoming First Lady, Betty was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a mastectomy. She was candid about her condition and was an advocate for women's health and the inspiration for American women to receive breast exams, as well as perform self-exams. Her focus on the matter no doubt saved millions of lives.
As First Lady, Betty was a welcoming hostess for events such as the 1976 American Bicentennial celebration. She also renovated the President's Dining Room.

About Gerald - Gerald Ford became the 38th President after Nixon's resignation. He tried to heal the nation, but his pardon of Nixon was so controversial, it may have cost him re-election. Gerald also faced economic troubles and rising Cold War tensions during his short term.

Double Chocolate Cookies

Betty loved cookies, and these Double Chocolate Chip ones were usually at her Thanksgiving feast. The recipe is inspired by the recipe from The Gerald Ford Foundation via The Takeout.

Ingredients - Makes about 2 dozen.
1 cup of butter, softened at room temp
1 & 3/4 cups sugar
2 eggs, room temperature
2 teaspoons vanilla
1 ounce unsweetened baking chocolate, melted
1/4 cup sour cream
2 cups flour
3/4 cup cocoa
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon salt (omit if using salted nuts)
1/4 teaspoon baking powder
2 cups white chocolate chips
1 cup chopped nuts

Steps

Preheat oven to 350° F. Prepare cookie sheets by lining with parchment paper or leaving plain. Do not grease.
In a mixing bowl, beat together butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Add eggs one at a time, beat well. Add the vanilla.
Melt baking chocolate over a double boiler or in the microwave in 30 second increments, stirring between each. Do not scorch or let seize.
Stir the melted chocolate and sour cream into the dough.
In a separate bowl, whisk together dry ingredients or mix together with a fork.
With mixer on low speed, gradually add flour mix to the dough. Mix well.
Stir in the chocolate chips and chopped nuts by hand. Drop dough by tablespoonfuls onto the cookie sheets, leaving space between.
Bake 12 minutes for a soft cookie or 15 minutes for a firmer one. Let cookies rest about 5 minutes on the cookie sheet, then transfer to a wire rack to finish cooling.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Betty Ford - with flowers - David Hume Kennerly, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; with puppies - National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Gerald Ford - David Hume Kennerly, Department of Defense, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Rosalynn Smith Carter

5/19/2025

Rosalynn and Humdinger Date Nut Rolls

First Lady Rosalynn and President Jimmy Carter

Rosalynn Smith Carter*

President James Carter, Jr.*

Amy, Jimmy, and Rosalynn Carter*

First Lady - 1977-1981
Quote from Rosalynn - "Do what you can to show you care about other people and you will make the world a better place."
Factoid - The White House Personnel Authorization Act allowed a budget for staff and allowing for staff and resources to establish the Office of the First lady.
Bio -

Eleanor Rosalynn Smith was born in Plains, Georgia. She helped her mother after her father died when she was thirteen. Rosalynn graduated as valedictorian of her high school and then graduated from college. She met Jimmy Carter, the older brother of her childhood friend, and began dating him during her last years of college and his time at the Naval Academy. They were married and moved to Virginia, then wherever his Naval career took them and their four children.
When Jimmy's father died, they returned to Georgia for Rosalynn to run the family peanut farm and for Jimmy to begin a political career as Senator and then Governor of Georgia.
As Georgia's First Lady, Rosalynn began her advocacy for mental health, which she would continue once in the White House. She supported Jimmy's bid for the Presidency, campaigning across the country for him. During the campaign Rosalynn became the first candidate's wife to make a campaign promise - she promised to reform mental health legislation.
After Jimmy's win, Rosalynn, as First Lady, was instrumental in the passage of the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980. She attended cabinet meetings and testified before Congress to support the Act.
Although Rosalynn, as First Lady, was a popular hostess for White House events, she was an important proponent of social causes, including supporting the Equal Rights Amendment. On an international scale, Rosalynn traveled to Central and South America for policy discussions with leaders of several countries.
After the Carters left the White house, they founded The Carter Center, a nonprofit dedicated to human rights and freedom of democracy. Rosalynn and Jimmy became famous for their work for Habitat for Humanity, building homes for those in need. In 1999, Rosalynn received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

About Jimmy - Jimmy Carter, as the 39th President, emphasized human rights and brokered the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel. Domestically, however, he struggled with inflation, energy shortages, and the Iran hostage crisis. Though deeply principled, his leadership style was marred with these domestic issues.

Humdinger Date Nut Rolls

These date nut rolls, known as "humdingers," were shared by the U.S. National Archives. At the top of the typed page, were the words "a favorite recipe of Rosalynn Carter." The U.S. National Archives has compiled some of Rosalynn's favorite recipes from her White House days. In the official White House records, these were known as "Humdingers."

Ingredients
1/2 cup salted butter or margarine
1 (8 ounce) package pitted dates, chopped
1 cup chopped nuts
1 cup granulated sugar
pinch of salt
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 & 1/2 cups crisp rice cereal (such as Rice Krispies)
powdered sugar, for rolling finish

Steps

In a large saucepan, melt butter over low heat.
Add chopped dates, chopped nuts, sugar, and salt. Cook 8 minutes over low heat, stirring often, until sugar and butter are dissolved.
Remove from heat; stir in vanilla and cereal until combined. Let cool just enough so that the dough can be handled with your hands.
With clean hands, shape the dough into walnut-sized balls or finger-sized rolls. Roll in powdered sugar.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Rosalynn Carter - Rosalyn white dress portrait - National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; Amy, Jimmy, and Rosalynn in NYC at Democratic National Convention - Photographer Warren K. Leffler, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Jimmy Carter - Ansel Adams, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of James Earl Carter, Jr., Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons

Nancy Davis Reagan

5/17/2025

Nancy and Coconut Macaroons

First Lady Nancy and President Ronald Reagan

Nancy Davis Reagan*

President Ronald Reagan*

Ronald and Nancy Reagan*

First Lady 1981 - 1989
Quotes from Nancy -

When asked if she ever gave the President advice: "You bet I did. For eight years, I was sleeping with the President. And if that doesn't give you special access, I don't know what does."
"Nothing can prepare you for living in the White House and nothing can prepare you for leaving it."
"I am a big believer that eventually everything comes back to you. You get back what you give out."

Factoid - Nancy Reagan was the first actress to become First Lady.
Bio -

Anne Frances was nicknamed, Nancy, by her mother. Nancy was raised by her mother, an actress, and her aunt and uncle for much of her young life. When her mother married Loyal Davis, a wealthy surgeon, he adopted Nancy and she took his last name.

Nancy went to Smith College and majored in drama. After graduation, her mother's contacts helped her get jobs, eventually ending with Nancy acting on Broadway. From there, Nancy worked in Hollywood, making 11 movies, including starring with Ronald Reagan in "Hellcats of the Navy". The stars were married in 1952 and she was forever after his advisor and protector during his political career from Governor of California to President.
As First Lady, Nancy began the Just Say No drug education program for school students. She also lent her support to the Anti-Drug Abuse Act. Nancy spoke to the United Nations on the dangers of drug trafficking.
Nancy was different from several of the First Ladies who came before her, as she seemed less liberated and more dedicated to being a wife in a traditional marriage. Nancy was, however, working behind the scenes in a political way. She fired the President's Chief of Staff, as well as other cabinet members.
Nancy's dedication to Ronald stood out later on, as she became his caretaker during his Alzheimers disease.

About Ronald - Ronald Reagan, as 40th President, began an economic policy called Reaganomics, which sought to reduce taxes and government spending. He strengthened the military and engaged in diplomacy that helped to end the Cold War and prompt the Fall of the Berlin Wall. Ronald's optimistic style and communication skills made him a transformative political figure. He brought national pride back to the country and even survived an assassin's bullet.

Coconut Macaroons

Nancy Reagan's Macaroons (adapted and inspired from Ladies Home Journal 1982 Cookie Book)

Ingredients
2 egg whites
3/4 cup sugar
1 dash salt
1 teaspoon vanilla
1/4 cup all-purpose flour
1 pack pre-shredded coconut; (7-oz)
Steps

Preheat oven to 325° F. Prepare two cookie sheets by lining with parchment paper or foil.
In a mixing bowl, beat together the egg whites, sugar, salt and vanilla.
Add the flour gradually to the egg mixture and mix well.
By hand, fold in the shredded coconut with a spatula or large spoon. Drop by teaspoonfuls onto prepared. cookie sheet 1-inch apart.
Bake for 15 to 20 minutes. Let cool on the cookie sheet.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Nancy Reagan - Portrait - Official White House photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; Nancy and Ron by tree - Reagan White House Photographs, White House Photographic Collection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Ronald Reagan - Pete Souza - Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Barbara Pierce Bush

5/15/2025

Barbara and Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies

First Lady Barbara and President George H. W. Bush

Barbara Pierce Bush*

President George H.W. Bush*

Millie, Barbara and George H. W. Bush*

First Lady from 1989 - 1993
Quote from Barbara -

"Never lose sight of the fact that the most important yardstick of your success will be how you treat other people - your family, friends, and coworkers, and even strangers you meet along the way."

Factoids -

When her son, George W. Bush, was elected President in 2000, it made Barbara only the second woman to be both wife and mother of a U.S. President.
Barbara hosted a Sunday evening radio program called "Mrs. Bush's Story Time" with the help of celebrity guests.

Bio -

Barbara Pierce was born in New York. She attended boarding school, where she met George H.W. Bush at a dance. George and Barbara were engaged before George served in the Navy during World War II. While George was serving, Barbara studied at Smith College, then married George at 19, when he returned. Their marriage lasted 73 years!

George enrolled at Yale University and he and Barbara had six children. George's political career started with Ambassador to the U.N., then Chief Liaison Officer to China, and Director of the C.I.A. Barbara took care of their children throughout the job changes and moves, never pursuing a career of her own.
When George became President, Barbara's mission as First Lady was to promote literacy for all. She established the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy, visiting schools and libraries all over the U.S. to promote the cause of literacy. Barbara's other campaigns as First Lady included encouraging volunteerism and support of HIV/AIDS patients.
Barbara managed to win the hearts of America's public with heartfelt roles as wife, mother, and grandmother. Her warm, welcoming, and caring attitude were much loved.

About George - George H. W. Bush was the 41st President. He managed the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. George led a successful coalition in the Gulf War against Iraq. Despite foreign policy successes, he faced a recession and broke a key "no new taxes" promise. He lost re-election to Bill Clinton in 1992.

Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies

Barbara Bush, as a Texas mother and grandmother, was known for her cooking and recipes. One of these recipes was for her famous Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies.

Ingredients
2 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter, softened
1 cup firmly packed brown sugar
1 cup granulated sugar
2 large egg
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1 (12 ounces) bag semisweet chocolate chips
2 cups quick-cooking oats (not instant)

Steps

Heat oven to 350° F. Prepare cookie sheets by lining with parchment paper or leaving bare - do NOT grease.
Sift together flour, baking soda, and salt onto waxed paper. Set aside.
Beat together butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar, eggs, and vanilla in a large bowl until fluffy. Stir in flour mixture until well blended. Stir in oats and chocolate chips.
Drop batter by rounded tablespoonfuls, 2 inches apart, onto un-greased cookie sheets.
Bake at 350° F for 10 minutes, or until lightly browned. Transfer cookies to wire rack to cool.

Recipe Card

Portrait Credits*
Barbara Bush - The White House, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; At the beach - Photo Credit: George Bush Presidential Library and Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
George HW Bush - David Valdez, George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Hillary Rodham Clinton

5/10/2025

Hillary and Clinton Family Chocolate Chip Cookies

Hillary Rodham Clinton*

President William J. Clinton*

President and Mrs. Clinton - White House Christmas tree*

First Lady Hillary and President Bill Clinton
First Lady - 1993 - 2001
Quotes from Hillary -

"Our global future depends on the willingness of every nation to invest in its people, especially women and children."
"I've been called many things by many people," she has said. "Quitter is not one of them."
"Women are the largest untapped reservoir of talent in the world."

Factoids -

Hillary became the first First Lady to hold a law degree.
Hillary became a U.S. Senator and then Secretary of State with President Obama. In 2016, she became the first woman nominated by a major party as its Presidential candidate and won the popular vote.

Bio -

Hillary Rodham was born in Chicago, Illinois. She was a good student and a leader in her high school. After hearing Martin Luther King, Jr. speak, Hillary had a different viewpoint. She went on to attend Wesllyan College and Yale Law School, being active in student government and social action for change. It was at Yale that Hillary met William Jefferson Clinton, who she followed to Arkansas and then married. Hillary taught at the University of Arkansas Law School. Fairly soon, Bill was elected Governor of Arkansas and their daughter, Chelsea was born. Hillary was First Lady of Arkansas for 12 years.
In the 1992 election, Bill was elected President and the First Lady of Arkansas was now U.S. First Lady for the next eight years.
As First Lady, Clinton headed the White House Task Force on National Health Care Reform and established a Children's Health Insurance program.
Hillary's passion for public service led to to being very involved in public policy. She sought to get more research funding for the treatment of cancer, AIDS, osteoporosis, and diabetes, as well as supported gun control laws. As First Lady, she also wrote two best-selling books!
During a scandal and President Clinton's impeachment, she bravely stood by his side.
Hillary was elected U.S. Senator from New York in 2000 and ran for President in 2007. She did not win the Democratic nomination, but did become Secretary of State for the Obama Administration.
Hillary ran for President again in 2015 and became the first woman to be nominated by a major political party. Although she won the popular vote, she lost the electoral vote to Donald Trump.
Hillary remains active in public policy and still champions the rights of others. She was a staunch supporter of Vice-President Kamala Harris, candidate for the Presidency in 2024.

About Bill - Bill Clinton, as the 42nd President, led the country into strong economic growth, welfare reform, and budget surpluses during his presidency. He signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), that created free-trade bloc among the United States, Canada and Mexico. Bill was impeached for perjury related to the Monica Lewinsky scandal, but was acquitted and completed his term.

Clinton Family Chocolate Chip Cookies